DPP-4 Inhibitors

DPP-4 inhibitors—which stand for dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors—are a type of medication used to help manage blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. It is usually prescribed in addition to other medications like metformin or sulfonylureas.

DPP-4 itself is an enzyme that is used to help manage blood sugar levels. It is naturally released to deactivate GLP-1—another hormone that lowers blood sugar, stimulates insulin secretion, and reduces glucagon secretion.

The DPP-4 inhibitors specifically step in after food passes through the small intestine. There are several different brand name versions available. All DPP-4 medications come in tablet form.

Types of DPP-4 Inhibitors

Regular DDP-4 inhibitors

Five different types of DDP-4 inhibitors are currently on the market—sitagliptin (Januvia), vildagliptin (Galvus), saxagliptin (Ongluza), alogliptin (Vipidia), and linagliptin (Trajenta). All of these are prescribed in the form of oral tablets.

DPP-4 Inhibitors and Metformin

Each of the regular DDP-4 inhibitors also has combination variations where the medication is combined with metformin. This helps patients gain higher GLP-1 concentrations and better glycemic control compared to DPP-4 inhibitor monotherapy. These are also taken in pill form.

DDP-4 Inhibitors and SGLT2 Inhibitors

DDP-4 inhibitors are sometimes combined with SGLT2 inhibitors to make another type of combination medication. SGLT2 inhibitors are used to help further control blood sugar levels. There are two types of medications for this combination—Glyxambi (linagliptin and empagliflozin) and Qtern (saxagliptin and dapagliflozin). These also come in the form of oral tablet medications.

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