Hormone Replacement Therapy

Hormone Replacement Therapy—or HRT—is a treatment prescribed to patients that provides hormones to the body when it is not getting enough of them naturally.

These treatments are primarily used to alleviate symptoms associated with menopause in women. They are also used for other hormone-related conditions or gender-affirming hormone therapies. This treatment usually includes giving estrogen—and sometimes progesterone too—to help manage different issues and reduce possible health concerns.

HRT can come in a variety of methods. There are also several different types of HRT methods. Most HRTs can be categorized into one of two groups—cyclic hormone therapy and combined therapy. HRT can also be taken in one of two ways. They can be taken systematically (through the bloodstream) or locally (through applying a product to a specific area).

Types of Hormone Replacement Therapy

Injectables

Injections are a less common type of HRT. They can be taken anywhere from 1-4 weeks depending on the specific treatment. They are usually injected by a doctor into a muscle.

Oral Medications

HRT tablets are usually taken once a day with water. They come in two forms—estrogen-only or combined HRT tablets. Estrogen-only tablets are usually used by those who have had a hysterectomy.

Patches

HRT patches are stuck to the skin and release the hormones gradually into the bloodstream. They are usually placed on the lower body—such as on the thigh or buttocks—and are changed every few days.

Gel

This is a clear gel that is usually rubbed onto the skin once per day. The body gradually absorbs it through the skin.

Spray

This is similar to the gel. The spray is also absorbed through the skin and is applied to the inner arm or thigh once per day.

Intrauterine System (IUS)

The Mirena coil is an IUS that is directly inserted into the womb. It gradually releases progestogen into the body and can be used with other forms of estrogen.

Other Applications

Low doses of estrogen can be applied to the vagina directly. It can come in the form of gels, creams, or tablets. It can also come in the form of insertable rings or pessaries.

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