Antidepressants

Antidepressants are prescription drugs that treat symptoms of depression and related conditions, including panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Typically, antidepressants influence availability of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Such neurotransmitters regulate mood, concentration, and emotional stability.

Doctors prescribe antidepressants when symptoms interfere with daily living. For best results, they often combine these medications with psychotherapy.

Ideally, people notice improvements in symptoms around 2 to 6 weeks of using the medication. However, ongoing treatment under a healthcare provider’s supervision is required to effectively manage symptoms over time.

Types of Antidepressants

SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)

SSRIs are a commonly prescribed medications for depression and anxiety. They aim at increasing the availability of serotonin in the brain, a chemical essential for regulating mood. These medications are usually used as a first-line treatment because they have mild side effects and are generally easy to use. Common examples include fluoxetine and sertraline.

SNRIs (Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors)

SNRIs have a dual action, targeting both the serotonin and norepinephrine. These antidepressants are particularly helpful when someone struggling with depression is also experiencing low energy and physical symptoms. Examples include duloxetine and venlafaxine.

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)

While TCAs are older medications, doctors still prescribe them today, especially when newer drugs aren’t effective. Typically, TCAs affect several brain chemicals and, as such, cause more side effects. Common examples are amitriptyline and nortriptyline.

MAOIs (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors)

Physicians don’t prescribe MAOIs as much because of food and drug interactions. However, they often use them for hard-to-treat cases. MAOIs work by inhibiting the action of monoamine oxidase, an enzyme that breaks down mood-related chemicals. A good example is Phenelzine.

Atypical Antidepressants

Atypical antidepressants don’t fit into standard antidepressant categories but offer flexible options due to their mechanism of action. Some help with sleep, others with low energy or appetite. Bupropion and mirtazapine fall into this group.

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